主动语态变被动语态的方法

一、主动语态和被动语态概说

英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成：

Everybody likes him. 大家都喜欢他。 (主动语态)

He is liked by everybody. 他受到大家的喜欢。(被动语态)

二、主动语态变被动语态的方法

1. 主动语态变被动语态的基本方法

将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语(be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语(在被动句中用作状语)：

He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him.

【注意】若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略：

He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年。

What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花？

2. 双宾动词的被动语态

双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接宾语(指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语(指事物)保留下来(称为保留宾语)：

He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him.

有的动词则通常把直接宾语(指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾语改为介词to 或for引起的状语(到底用to还是for，与所搭配的动词有关)：(from www.zkenglish.com)

He wrote her a letter. → A letter was written to her. (与动词write搭配用介词to)

She made him a new coat. → A new coat was made for him. (与动词make搭配用介词for)

有时以上两种方式均可用：

He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

He bought her a watch. 他给她买了一块表。

→ A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

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